Main Article Content

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to investigate the association between some board of directors' characteristics (board independence, board size, board meetings and role duality) and the level of voluntary disclosure in annual reports of listed banks in Borsa Istanbul. The deductive approach was adopted by developing hypotheses based on previous studies' relevant theories and findings. Also, the panel data strategy was applied to analyze the collected data from annual reports across five years (2013-2017). The univariate statistical analysis and the multivariate Feasible Generalized Least Squares regression model are used in this study. The results showed that board independence, board size and board meetings were positively and significantly associated with the level of voluntary disclosure, whilst role duality was negatively but not significantly associated with voluntary disclosure. The results also indicated that all bank characteristics were positively and significantly associated with the level of voluntary disclosure. Most prior studies on voluntary disclosure practices have been undertaken in developed countries, and a few of them have focused on voluntary disclosure practices in the banking sector for a number of years (longitudinally). There is a requirement for more empirical studies in this area to confirm or disprove the previous results. This study will add value to the knowledge in the disclosure literature by clarifying the relationship between the board of directors' characteristics and voluntary disclosure in the banking sector of developing countries.

References

  1. Abeywardana, N. L. E., & Panditharathna, K. M. (2016). The Extent and Determinants of Voluntary Disclosures in Annual Reports: Evidence from Banking and Finance Companies in Sri Lanka. Accounting and Finance Research, 5(4), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v5n4p147
  2. Akhtaruddin, M., Hossain, M. A., Hossain, M., & Yao, L. (2009). Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure in Corporate Annual Reports of Malaysian Listed Firms. JAMAR, 7(1), 1–20.
  3. Al-Najjar, B., & Abed, S. (2014). The association between disclosure of forward-looking information and corporate governance mechanisms. Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(7), 578–595. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-01-2014-0986
  4. Al-Shammari, B., & Al-Sultan, W. (2010). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure in Kuwait. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7(3), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1057/jdg.2010.3
  5. Albawwat, A. H. A. H., & Basah, M. Y. A. (2015). Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure of Interim Financial Reporting in Jordan. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 5(2), 100–127. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v5-i2/1612
  6. Aljandali, A., & Tatahi, M. (2018). Economic and Financial Modelling with EViews: A Guide for Students and Professionals. Retrieved from http://www.springer.com/series/10377
  7. Allegrini, M., & Greco, G. (2013). Corporate boards, audit committees and voluntary disclosure: Evidence from Italian Listed Companies. Journal of Management & Governance, 17(1), 187–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-011-9168-3
  8. Babío Arcay, M. R., & Muiño Vázquez, M. F. (2005). Corporate Characteristics, Governance Rules and the Extent of Voluntary Disclosure in Spain. Advances in Accounting, 21(05), 299–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0882-6110(05)21013-1
  9. Barako, D. G., Hancock, P., & Izan, H. Y. (2006). Factors influencing voluntary corporate disclosure by Kenyan companies. Corporate Governance, 14(2), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2006.00491.x
  10. Bentes, S. R., & Menezes, R. (2013). On the predictability of realized volatility using feasible GLS. Journal of Asian Economics, 28, 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2013.08.002
  11. Boslaugh, S., & Watters, P. A. (2008). Statistics in a Nutshell (1st ed.). Sebastopol, USA: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
  12. Brennan, N. (2006). Boards of Directors and Firm Performance: Is There an Expectations Gap? Corporate Governance, 14(6), 577–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2006.00534.x
  13. Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2009). Microeconometrics using Stata. Texas: StataCorp LP.
  14. Carpenter, M. A., & Westphal, J. D. (2001). The Strategic Context of External Network Ties: Examining the Impact of Director Appointments on Board Involvement in Strategic Decision Making. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 639–660. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069408
  15. Cerbioni, F., & Parbonetti, A. (2007). Exploring the Effects of Corporate Governance on Intellectual Capital Disclosure: An Analysis of European Biotechnology Companies. In European Accounting Review (Vol. 16). https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180701707011
  16. Cheng, E. C. M., & Courtenay, S. M. (2006). Board composition, regulatory regime and voluntary disclosure. International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), 262–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2006.07.001
  17. Dancey, C., & Reidy, J. (2017). Statistics without Maths for Psychology (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12363_2
  18. Donnelly, R., & Mulcahy, M. (2008). Board structure, ownership, and voluntary disclosure in Ireland. Corporate Governance, Vol. 16, pp. 416–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00692.x
  19. Dye, R. A. (1985). Disclosure of Nonproprietary Information. Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.2307/2490910
  20. Eng, L. ., & Mak, Y. T. (2003). Corporate governance and voluntary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 22(4), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4254(03)00037-1
  21. Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325.
  22. Forker, J. J. (1992). Corporate Governance and Disclosure Quality. Accounting and Business Research, 22(86), 111–124.
  23. Ghasempour, A., & MdYusof, M. A. bin. (2014). The Effect of Fundamental Determinants on Voluntary Disclosure of Financial and Nonfinancial Information: The Case of Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 03(01), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000108
  24. Gisbert, A., & Navallas, B. (2013). The association between voluntary disclosure and corporate governance in the presence of severe agency conflicts. Advances in Accounting, 29(2), 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2013.07.001
  25. Gourieroux, C., & Monfort, A. (1997). Time Series and Dynamic Models. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Y88dvEXw0R4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Time+Series+and+Dynamic+Models&ots=74h5ZI_u-C&sig=rf5A0ytshGqdOUp86igEG4hgBaE
  26. Grassa, R., & Chakroun, R. (2016). Ownership structure , board ’s characteristics and corporate governance disclosure in GCC banks : what about Islamic banks? Int . J . Accounting , Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(4), 360–395. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.079862
  27. Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  28. Gul, F. A., & Leung, S. (2004). Board leadership, outside directors’ expertise and voluntary corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 23(5), 351–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2004.07.001
  29. Habbash, M., Hussainey, K., & Awad, A. E. (2016). The determinants of voluntary disclosure in Saudi Arabia: an empirical study. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(3), 213–236. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.077890
  30. Haniffa, R. M., & Cooke, T. E. (2002). Culture, Corporate Governance and Disclosure in Malaysian Corporations. Abacus, 38(3), 317–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6281.00112
  31. Hieu, P. D., & Lan, D. T. H. (2015). Factors Influencing Voluntary Disclosure of Vietnamese Listed Companies. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 11(12), 656–676. https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6583/2015.12.004
  32. Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235–256. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1111/1467-6486.00179
  33. Htay, S. N. N. (2012). The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Voluntary Accounting Information Disclosure in Malaysian Listed Banks. Global Review of Accounting and Finance, 3(2), 128–142.
  34. Huafang, X., & Jianguo, Y. (2007). Ownership structure, board composition and corporate voluntary disclosure: Evidence from listed companies in China. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(6), 604–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710759406
  35. Khanchel, I. (2007). Corporate governance: measurement and determinant analysis. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), 740–760. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710819625
  36. Khodadadi, V., Khazami, S., & Aflatooni, A. (2010). The Effect of Corporate Governance Structure on the Extent of Voluntary Disclosure in Iran. Business Intelligence Journal, 3(2), 151–164.
  37. Lev, B., & Penman, S. H. (1990). Voluntary Forecast Disclosure, Nondisclosure, and Stock Prices. Journal of Accounting Research, 28(1), 49–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491217
  38. Man, C., Hong, K., & Wong, B. (2013). Corporate Governance And Earnings Management: A survey of Literature. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(2), 391–418.
  39. Matoussi, H., & Chakroun, R. (2009). Board Composition, Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure In Annual Reports Evidence From Tunisia. International Journal of Business and Behavioural Sciences, (January), 1–28.
  40. Meek, G. K., Roberts, C. B., & Gray, S. J. (1995). Factors Influencing Voluntary Annual Report Disclosures By U.S., U.K. and Continental European Multinational Corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(3), 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490186
  41. Miller, S., & Startz, R. (2018). Feasible generalized least squares using support vector regression. Economics Letters, 175, 28–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.12.001
  42. Moumen, N., Ben Othman, H., & Hussainey, K. (2016). Board structure and the informativeness of risk disclosure: Evidence from MENA emerging markets. Advances in Accounting, Incorporating Advances in International Accounting, 35, 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2016.09.001
  43. Nelson, J., Gallery, G., & Percy, M. (2010). Role of corporate governance in mitigating the selective disclosure of executive stock option information. Accounting and Finance, 50(3), 685–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2009.00339.x
  44. O’Hara, M., & Parmeter, C. F. (2013). Nonparametric generalized least squares in applied regression analysis. Pacific Economic Review, 18(4), 456–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12038
  45. Ramadhan, S. (2014). Board Composition, Audit Committees, Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Bahrain. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(7), 124–139.
  46. Rouf, A. (2011). Corporate characteristics, governance attributes and the extent of voluntary disclosure in Bangladesh. African Journal of Business Management, 5(19), 7836–7845. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM10.1180
  47. Samaha, K., Khlif, H., & Hussainey, K. (2015). The impact of board and audit committee characteristics on voluntary disclosure: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 24, 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2014.11.001
  48. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A Skill-Building Approach (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1419.3126
  49. Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010
  50. Uyar, A., Kilic, M., & Bayyurt, N. (2013). Association between firm characteristics and corporate voluntary disclosure: Evidence from Turkish listed companies. Intangible Capital, 9(4), 1080–1112. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.439
  51. Verrecchia, R. E. (1983). Discretionary Disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 5, 179–194. Retrieved from https://wwz.unibas.ch/fileadmin/wwz/redaktion/accountingcontrolling/Lehre/Economics_of_Financial_Accounting/FS_2013/2013-02-28-Verrecchia1983.pdf
  52. Watson, A., Shrives, P., & Marston, C. (2002). Voluntary Disclosure of Accounting Ratios in the UK. The British Accounting Review, 34(4), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1006/S0890-8389(02)00077-X
  53. Westerlund, J., & Narayan, P. K. (2012). Does the choice of estimator matter when forecasting returns?. Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(9), 2632–2640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.06.005
  54. Xie, B., Davidson III, W. N., & Dadalt, P. J. (2003). Earnings management and corporate governance: The role of the board and the audit committee. Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 9, pp. 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1199(02)00006-8
  55. Yermack, D. (1996). Higher market valuation forfirms with a small board of directors. Journal of Financial Economics1, 40(1494), 185–211.
  56. Yuen, D. C. Y., Liu, M., Zhang, X., & Lu, C. (2009). A Case Study of Voluntary Disclosure by Chinese Enterprises. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 1(2), 118–145.
  57. Zhang, B., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2011). An empirical research on the voluntary disclosure of Chinese electronic listed companies’ information. 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce, AIMSEC 2011 - Proceedings, 4935–4938. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIMSEC.2011.6011186

Article Details

How to Cite
Milad , I. A. A., & Altug Bicer , A. (2020). The Association between Board of Directors’ Characteristics and the Level of Voluntary Disclosure: Evidence from Listed Banks in Borsa Istanbul . Management & Economics Research Journal, 2(1), 166-185. https://doi.org/10.48100/merj.v2i1.81
Cited by